Docker无法安装numpy，scipy或gensim

我正在尝试构build一个Docker应用程序，该应用程序使用Python的gensim库，版本2.1.0，它是通过来自requirements.txt文件的pip安装的。

但是，Docker似乎在安装numpy，scipy和gensim时遇到了麻烦。 我GOOGLE了错误信息，发现其他用户经历了相同的问题，但在其他环境。 他们的许多解决scheme在Docker中似乎都不起作用。

以下是错误消息：

<pre> Step 4 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt ---> Running in a86d07e229d7 Collecting Flask==0.12 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1)) Downloading Flask-0.12-py2.py3-none-any.whl (82kB) Collecting requests==2.17.3 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2)) Downloading requests-2.17.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (87kB) Collecting numpy==1.12.1 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3)) Downloading numpy-1.12.1.zip (4.8MB) Collecting nltk==3.2.2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 4)) Downloading nltk-3.2.2.tar.gz (1.2MB) Collecting scipy==0.19.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 5)) Downloading scipy-0.19.0.zip (15.3MB) Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info: /bin/sh: svnversion: not found /bin/sh: svnversion: not found non-existing path in 'numpy/distutils': 'site.cfg' Could not locate executable gfortran Could not locate executable f95 Could not locate executable ifort Could not locate executable ifc Could not locate executable lf95 Could not locate executable pgfortran Could not locate executable f90 Could not locate executable f77 Could not locate executable fort Could not locate executable efort Could not locate executable efc Could not locate executable g77 Could not locate executable g95 Could not locate executable pathf95 don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'posix' Running from numpy source directory. /tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/setup.py:367: UserWarning: Unrecognized setuptools command, proceeding with generating Cython sources and expanding templates run_build = parse_setuppy_commands() /tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:572: UserWarning: Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found. Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting the ATLAS environment variable. self.calc_info() /tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:572: UserWarning: Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found. Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting the BLAS environment variable. self.calc_info() /tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:572: UserWarning: Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found. Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting the BLAS_SRC environment variable. self.calc_info() /tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:572: UserWarning: Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found. Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting the LAPACK environment variable. self.calc_info() /tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:572: UserWarning: Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found. Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting the LAPACK_SRC environment variable. self.calc_info() /usr/local/lib/python3.5/distutils/dist.py:261: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'define_macros' warnings.warn(msg) Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 158, in save_modules yield saved File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 199, in setup_context yield File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 254, in run_setup _execfile(setup_script, ns) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 48, in _execfile exec(code, globals, locals) File "/tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/setup.py", line 392, in <module> # higher up in this file. File "/tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/setup.py", line 384, in setup_package if "--force" in sys.argv: File "/tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 169, in setup File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup dist.run_commands() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/distutils/dist.py", line 955, in run_commands self.run_command(cmd) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py", line 152, in run self.run_command("egg_info") File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command self.distribution.run_command(command) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "/tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/command/egg_info.py", line 26, in run File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command self.distribution.run_command(command) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "/tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 148, in run File "/tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 159, in build_sources File "/tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 294, in build_library_sources File "/tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 377, in generate_sources File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 674, in get_mathlib_info RuntimeError: Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 1, in <module> File "/tmp/pip-build-j8py_tat/scipy/setup.py", line 416, in <module> setup_package() File "/tmp/pip-build-j8py_tat/scipy/setup.py", line 412, in setup_package setup(**metadata) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/distutils/core.py", line 108, in setup _setup_distribution = dist = klass(attrs) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 320, in __init__ self.fetch_build_eggs(attrs['setup_requires']) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 377, in fetch_build_eggs replace_conflicting=True, File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 852, in resolve dist = best[req.key] = env.best_match(req, ws, installer) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1124, in best_match return self.obtain(req, installer) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1136, in obtain return installer(requirement) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 445, in fetch_build_egg return cmd.easy_install(req) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 673, in easy_install return self.install_item(spec, dist.location, tmpdir, deps) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 699, in install_item dists = self.install_eggs(spec, download, tmpdir) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 880, in install_eggs return self.build_and_install(setup_script, setup_base) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1119, in build_and_install self.run_setup(setup_script, setup_base, args) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1105, in run_setup run_setup(setup_script, args) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 257, in run_setup raise File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/contextlib.py", line 77, in __exit__ self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 199, in setup_context yield File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/contextlib.py", line 77, in __exit__ self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 170, in save_modules saved_exc.resume() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 145, in resume six.reraise(type, exc, self._tb) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pkg_resources/_vendor/six.py", line 685, in reraise raise value.with_traceback(tb) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 158, in save_modules yield saved File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 199, in setup_context yield File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 254, in run_setup _execfile(setup_script, ns) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 48, in _execfile exec(code, globals, locals) File "/tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/setup.py", line 392, in <module> # higher up in this file. File "/tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/setup.py", line 384, in setup_package if "--force" in sys.argv: File "/tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 169, in setup File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup dist.run_commands() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/distutils/dist.py", line 955, in run_commands self.run_command(cmd) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py", line 152, in run self.run_command("egg_info") File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command self.distribution.run_command(command) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "/tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/command/egg_info.py", line 26, in run File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command self.distribution.run_command(command) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "/tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 148, in run File "/tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 159, in build_sources File "/tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 294, in build_library_sources File "/tmp/easy_install-ocgjhe9m/numpy-1.13.0/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 377, in generate_sources File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 674, in get_mathlib_info RuntimeError: Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program /bin/sh: gcc: not found /bin/sh: gcc: not found ---------------------------------------- Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-j8py_tat/scipy/ Removing intermediate container a86d07e229d7 The command '/bin/sh -c pip install -r requirements.txt' returned a non-zero code: 1 </pre> 

我使用python:3.5-alpine形象。 软件包的版本是numpy==1.12.1 ， scipy==0.19.0和gensim==2.1.0 。

Answer 1

要安装numpy，scipy或gensim，需要在RUN pip install -r requirements.txt之前将以下几行添加到Dockerfile中：

 RUN apt-get -y install libc-dev RUN apt-get -y install build-essential RUN pip install -U pip 

前两行安装库所需的C构build工具。 tihrd行将pip升级到最新的可用版本。