如何在Docker Compose中使用Scrapy同时使用Splash和Tor over Privoxy

我试图用两个'扩展名'来运行Scrapy蜘蛛：

为了呈现JavaScript，
Tor-Privoxy提供匿名性。

作为一个例子，我使用https://github.com/scrapy-plugins/scrapy-splash/tree/master/example中的quotes.toscrape.com刮板。这是我的目录结构：

 . ├── docker-compose.yml └── example ├── Dockerfile ├── scrapy.cfg └── scrashtest ├── __init__.py ├── settings.py └── spiders ├── __init__.py └── quotes.py

example目录是从scrapy-splash存储库中克隆的。我已经添加了下面docker-compose.yml文件：

 version: '3' services: scraper: build: ./example environment: - http_proxy=http://tor-privoxy:8118 links: - tor-privoxy - splash tor-privoxy: image: rdsubhas/tor-privoxy-alpine splash: image: scrapinghub/splash

在settings.py文件中，我更改了SPLASH_URL ：

 # SPLASH_URL = 'http://127.0.0.1:8050/' SPLASH_URL = 'http://splash:8050'

由于Splash不在本地主机上运行，而是在名为splash的单独链接容器中运行。 scraper的Dockerfile是

 FROM python:alpine RUN apk --update add libxml2-dev libxslt-dev libffi-dev gcc musl-dev libgcc openssl-dev curl bash RUN pip install scrapy scrapy-splash COPY . /scraper WORKDIR /scraper CMD ["scrapy", "crawl", "quotes"]

问题是，当我使用docker-compose build和docker-compose up运行这个docker-compose up ，我得到以下日志：

 Starting examplecompose_tor-privoxy_1 Starting examplecompose_splash_1 Recreating examplecompose_scraper_1 Attaching to examplecompose_splash_1, examplecompose_tor-privoxy_1, examplecompose_scraper_1 splash_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:13+0000 [-] Log opened. splash_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:13.794595 [-] Splash version: 3.0 tor-privoxy_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:13.568 7f08e999eee8 Info: Privoxy version 3.0.23 tor-privoxy_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:13.568 7f08e999eee8 Info: Program name: privoxy tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:13.578 [notice] Tor v0.2.6.10 (git-58c51dc6087b0936) running on Linux with Libevent 2.0.22-stable, OpenSSL 1.0.2d and Zlib 1.2.8. tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:13.578 [notice] Tor can't help you if you use it wrong! Learn how to be safe at https://www.torproject.org/download/download#warning splash_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:13.795925 [-] Qt 5.9.1, PyQt 5.9, WebKit 602.1, sip 4.19.3, Twisted 16.1.1, Lua 5.2 splash_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:13.796204 [-] Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:13.578 [notice] Configuration file "/etc/tor/torrc" not present, using reasonable defaults. tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:13.581 [notice] Opening Socks listener on 127.0.0.1:9050 splash_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:13.796541 [-] Open files limit: 1048576 tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:13.000 [notice] Parsing GEOIP IPv4 file /usr/share/tor/geoip. splash_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:13.796706 [-] Can't bump open files limit tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:13.000 [notice] Parsing GEOIP IPv6 file /usr/share/tor/geoip6. splash_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:13.903844 [-] Xvfb is started: ['Xvfb', ':1896918638', '-screen', '0', '1024x768x24', '-nolisten', 'tcp'] splash_1 | QStandardPaths: XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not set, defaulting to '/tmp/runtime-root' tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:13.000 [warn] You are running Tor as root. You don't need to, and you probably shouldn't. splash_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:13.984515 [-] proxy profiles support is enabled, proxy profiles path: /etc/splash/proxy-profiles tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:13.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 0%: Starting splash_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:14.041562 [-] verbosity=1 splash_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:14.041732 [-] slots=50 tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:13.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 5%: Connecting to directory server splash_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:14.041806 [-] argument_cache_max_entries=500 tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:13.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 80%: Connecting to the Tor network splash_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:14.043083 [-] Web UI: enabled, Lua: enabled (sandbox: enabled) splash_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:14.044088 [-] Site starting on 8050 splash_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:14.044240 [-] Starting factory <twisted.web.server.Site object at 0x7f73a4e4b3c8> tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:14.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 85%: Finishing handshake with first hop scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:15 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.4.0 started (bot: scrashtest) scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:15 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Overridden settings: {'BOT_NAME': 'scrashtest', 'DUPEFILTER_CLASS': 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareDupeFilter', 'HTTPCACHE_STORAGE': 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareFSCacheStorage', 'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'scrashtest.spiders', 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['scrashtest.spiders']} scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:15 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions: scraper_1 | ['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.extensions.memusage.MemoryUsage', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats'] scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:15 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares: scraper_1 | ['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy_splash.SplashCookiesMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy_splash.SplashMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats'] scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:15 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares: scraper_1 | ['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy_splash.SplashDeduplicateArgsMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware', scraper_1 | 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware'] scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:15 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines: scraper_1 | [] scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:15 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:15 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min) scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:15 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023 tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:16.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 90%: Establishing a Tor circuit tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:17.000 [notice] Tor has successfully opened a circuit. Looks like client functionality is working. tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:17.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 100%: Done tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:17.000 [warn] Received http status code 404 ("Not found") from server '216.218.222.10:443' while fetching "/tor/keys/fp/585769C78764D58426B8B52B6651A5A71137189A+80550987E1D626E3EBA5E5E75A458DE0626D088C". scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:29 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/> (referer: None) scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:29 [scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite] DEBUG: Filtered offsite request to 'www.goodreads.com': <GET https://www.goodreads.com/quotes> scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:29 [scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite] DEBUG: Filtered offsite request to 'scrapinghub.com': <GET https://scrapinghub.com> tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:44.000 [notice] Have tried resolving or connecting to address '[scrubbed]' at 3 different places. Giving up. tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:44.000 [notice] Have tried resolving or connecting to address '[scrubbed]' at 3 different places. Giving up. scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:44 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry] DEBUG: Retrying <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/tag/adulthood/page/1/ via http://splash:8050/render.json> (failed 1 times): 500 Internal Server Error scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:44 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry] DEBUG: Retrying <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/tag/be-yourself/page/1/ via http://splash:8050/render.json> (failed 1 times): 500 Internal Server Error tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:55.000 [notice] Have tried resolving or connecting to address '[scrubbed]' at 3 different places. Giving up. tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:55.000 [notice] Have tried resolving or connecting to address '[scrubbed]' at 3 different places. Giving up. scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:55 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry] DEBUG: Retrying <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/tag/success/page/1/ via http://splash:8050/render.json> (failed 1 times): 500 Internal Server Error scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:55 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry] DEBUG: Retrying <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/tag/books/page/1/ via http://splash:8050/render.json> (failed 1 times): 500 Internal Server Error tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:56.000 [notice] Have tried resolving or connecting to address '[scrubbed]' at 3 different places. Giving up. scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:56 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry] DEBUG: Retrying <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/ via http://splash:8050/render.json> (failed 1 times): 500 Internal Server Error tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:57.000 [notice] Have tried resolving or connecting to address '[scrubbed]' at 3 different places. Giving up. tor-privoxy_1 | Jul 11 16:10:57.000 [notice] Have tried resolving or connecting to address '[scrubbed]' at 3 different places. Giving up. scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:57 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry] DEBUG: Retrying <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/tag/classic/page/1/ via http://splash:8050/render.json> (failed 1 times): 500 Internal Server Error scraper_1 | 2017-07-11 16:10:57 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry] DEBUG: Retrying <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/tag/aliteracy/page/1/ via http://splash:8050/render.json> (failed 1 times): 500 Internal Server Error

为了简洁起见，我打断了这个过程。似乎scraper和tor-privoxy服务交替抱怨500 Internal Service Error并且不能分别解决或连接到地址。

我正在努力弄清楚为什么http_proxy和Splash不“一起工作”。任何人都可以指向正确的方向吗？

继水族馆模板项目（ https://github.com/TeamHG-Memex/aquarium ）之后，我发现窍门是让Splash使用Tor，而不是直接使用蜘蛛。

我改编的项目有以下结构：

 . ├── docker-compose.yml ├── example │  ├── Dockerfile │  ├── scrapy.cfg │  └── scrashtest │  ├── __init__.py │  ├── settings.py │  └── spiders │  ├── __init__.py │  └── quotes.py └── splash └── proxy-profiles └── default.ini

和docker-compose.yml是

 version: '3' services: scraper: build: ./example links: - splash tor-privoxy: image: rdsubhas/tor-privoxy-alpine splash: image: scrapinghub/splash volumes: - ./splash/proxy-profiles:/etc/splash/proxy-profiles:ro links: - tor-privoxy

我已经将proxy-profiles目录作为一个卷挂载到http://splash.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api.html#proxy-profiles之后的splash容器中。 default.ini读取

 [proxy] host=tor-privoxy port=8118

（我也注意到把它称为default.ini是非常重要的）。

通过这个设置，在docker-compose build和docker-compose up ，使用Splash成功地运行scraper。